Wiwik Fitri Andrianti
201104021721

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh harga transfer
dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak, serta mengetahui apakah
profitabilitas mampu memoderasi hubungan tersebut pada perusahaan sektor energi
yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2019-2024. Fokus pada sektor
energi diambil karena karakteristik industrinya yang padat modal dan memiliki
kompleksitas transaksi afiliasi yang tinggi, yang sering kali bersinggungan dengan
praktik perencanaan pajak agresif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah
pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis data sekunder berupa laporan tahunan yang
telah diaudit. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan melalui metode purposive
sampling, yang menghasilkan 10 perusahaan sampel dengan total 60 unit observasi
selama enam tahun pengamatan. Variabel dependen penghindaran pajak
diproksikan dengan Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), sementara variabel
independen diukur melalui rasio piutang pihak berelasi dan logaritma natural total
aset. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi data panel dengan pendekatan
Common Effect Model (CEM) dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) melalui
perangkat lunak EViews 13. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial,
baik harga transfer maupun ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan
terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan energi yang diteliti. Namun, hasil uji
interaksi membuktikan bahwa profitabilitas mampu memoderasi pengaruh harga
transfer terhadap penghindaran pajak secara signifikan. Sebaliknya, profitabilitas
tidak terbukti memoderasi hubungan antara ukuran perusahaan dan penghindaran
pajak. Kesimpulannya, dalam perspektif teori keagenan dan teori sinyal,
profitabilitas pada sektor energi lebih berfungsi sebagai variabel yang
menyeimbangkan antara kebutuhan efisiensi biaya dan perlindungan reputasi
korporasi, sehingga memitigasi tindakan penghindaran pajak yang berisiko saat
laba sedang tinggi
Kata Kunci: Harga Transfer, Ukuran Perusahaan, Penghindaran Pajak,
Profitabilitas, Sektor Energi, Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR).

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of transfer pricing and
company size on tax avoidance, and to determine whether profitability is able to
moderate this relationship in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock
Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2024 period. The focus on the energy sector was
chosen due to its capital-intensive characteristics and high complexity of affiliated
transactions, which often intersect with aggressive tax planning practices. The
research method used is a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form
of audited annual reports. The sampling technique was carried out through a
purposive sampling method, which resulted in 10 sample companies with a total of
60 observation units over six years of observation. The dependent variable of tax
avoidance is proxied by the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), while the independent
variables are measured by the related party receivables ratio and the natural
logarithm of total assets. Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression
with the Common Effect Model (CEM) and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA)
approaches using EViews 13 software. The results showed that, partially, neither
transfer pricing nor company size had a significant effect on tax avoidance in the
energy companies studied. However, the interaction test showed that profitability
significantly moderated the effect of transfer pricing on tax avoidance. Conversely,
profitability was not shown to moderate the relationship between company size and
tax avoidance. In conclusion, from the perspective of agency theory and signaling
theory, profitability in the energy sector functions more as a variable that balances
the need for cost efficiency and protecting corporate reputation, thereby mitigating
risky tax avoidance activities when profits are high.
Keywords: Transfer Pricing, Company Size, Tax Avoidance, Profitability, Energy
Sector, Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR).