Raiza Chiquitita Fadillah
221105021093

Pluralisme hukum kewarisan di Indonesia menghadirkan dinamika tersendiri, khususnya
dalam hubungan antara hukum waris Islam dan hukum waris adat Minangkabau yang
memiliki karakteristik berbeda dalam menentukan ahli waris, sistem kekerabatan, serta
mekanisme pembagian harta warisan. Hukum waris Islam berlandaskan prinsip faraidh
dengan sistem kekerabatan bilateral dan pembagian harta secara individual kepada ahli
waris yang telah ditentukan syariat, sedangkan hukum waris Minangkabau berlandaskan
sistem kekerabatan matrilineal yang menempatkan garis keturunan ibu sebagai dasar
pewarisan, terutama terhadap harta pusaka tinggi yang diwariskan secara kolektif kepada
kemenakan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan
prinsip-prinsip hukum waris Islam dengan hukum waris adat Minangkabau dalam
pembagian harta warisan, serta mengidentifikasi persamaan dan perbedaan di antara
keduanya. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan
kualitatif, melalui pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach) dan pendekatan
konseptual (conceptual approach). Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dengan
memanfaatkan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang relevan, kemudian dianalisis
secara deskriptif-analitis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif normatif. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam berlandaskan prinsip faraidh (bagian
tertentu), keadilan proposional, individual, bilateral, dan prioritas ahli waris. Sedangkan
hukum waris adat Minangkabau berlandaskan matrilineal, kolektivitas, pengelolaan harta
oleh mamak, keutuhan harta pusaka, serta musyawarah dan kesepakatan. Kedua sistem
memiliki tujuan yang sama yaitu mewujudkan keadilan dan menjaga keharmonisan
keluarga, namun berbeda pada sumber hukum, sistem kekerabatan, kedudukan ahli waris,
serta pola kepemilikkan harta. Perbedaan tersebut tidak menunjukkan pertentangan
melainkan perbedaan objek penerapan yaitu hukum Islam pada harta pusaka rendah dan
hukum adat Minangkabau pada harta pusaka tinggi.
Kata Kunci: Faraidh, Harta Pusaka, Hukum Waris Islam, Hukum Waris Adat
Minangkabau, Matrilineal.

The pluralism of inheritance law in Indonesia presents its own distinct dynamics,
particularly in the relationship between Islamic inheritance law and Minangkabau
customary inheritance law. These two systems possess differing characteristics in
determining heirs, kinship systems, and the mechanisms of distributing inherited wealth.
Islamic inheritance law is based on the principles of faraidh with a bilateral kinship
system and the individual distribution of assets to heirs designated by Sharia. Conversely,
Minangkabau inheritance law is founded upon a matrilineal kinship system that places
the maternal lineage as the basis of inheritance, particularly regarding high heirloom
wealth, which is inherited collectively by female nieces. This study aims to analyze and
compare the principles of Islamic inheritance law with Minangkabau customary
inheritance law in the distribution of inherited wealth, as well as to identify the similarities
and differences between the two. The research employs a normative juridical method with
a qualitative approach, utilizing both a comparative approach and a conceptual approach.
Data were obtained through literature review by utilizing relevant primary and secondary
legal materials, which were then analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner using
normative qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that Islamic law
is based on the principles of faraidh (fixed shares), proportional justice, individualism,
bilaterality, and the priority of heirs. Meanwhile, Minangkabau customary inheritance
law is based on matrilineality, collectivity, asset management by the maternal uncle, the
integrity of heirloom wealth, as well as deliberation and consensus. Both systems share
the same goal, which is to realize justice and maintain family harmony; however, they
differ in their legal sources, kinship systems, the status of heirs, and patterns of asset
ownership. These differences do not indicate a conflict, but rather a difference in the
object of application: Islamic law applies to low heirloom wealth, whereas Minangkabau
customary law applies to high heirloom wealth.
Keywords: Faraidh, Ancestral Property, Islamic Inheritance Law, Minangkabau
Customary Inheritance Law, Matrilineal.